NINETEENTH

Two Autograph Letters Signed from Thomas Archer, editor of the Hornet, to the London solicitor Edward Draper, asking for contributions to the magazine; the first signed with a picture of a hornet and the second signed 'Th Archer'.

Author: 
Thomas Archer (1830-1893), author and journalist, editor of the Hornet [Edward Draper of Vincent Square, London, Honorary Solicitor of the Savage Club]
Publication details: 
Both letters on letterheads of 'The Hornets Nest, 86, Fleet Street [London]. Neither dated.
£60.00

The letterhead features an image of an hornet seated at a writing table. Letter One: 1p., 12mo. Bifolium. Fair, on aged paper. The letter reads: 'Friday | Dear Draper | Have you made up your mind to let me have a conceit or two for Ye Hornet. I can only offer 5/- a column but then Column is but a very brief affair. | Yours always | [signature in the form of a drawing of a hornet]'. Letter Two: 2pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Good, on lightly-aged paper, with slight traces of previous mount on reverse of second leaf. Addressed to 'My dear Draper'.

Autograph Note Signed ('Max Pemberton') from Sir Max Pemberton to 'Dear Betty' [i.e. Elizabeth, daughter of the actor Seymour Hicks and his wife Ellaline Terriss]

Author: 
Sir Max Pemberton (1863-1950), popular Victorian novelist [Sir Arthur Seymour Hicks (1871-1949)]
Publication details: 
On letterhead of Georgian House, Bury Street, St James', SW [London]. 12 January 1914.
£28.00

1p., 12mo. On thick deckled-edge paper. He apologises for the delay in sending a copy of his 'Iron Pirate', due to a delay in receiving it from the publishers.

Autograph Note Signed ('Fitzroy Kelly') from Sir Fitzroy Edward Kelly to Captain Manby, RN, inventor of lifesaving apparatus.

Author: 
Sir Fitzroy Edward Kelly [Sir Fitzroy Kelly] (1796-1880), judge and Tory Member of Parliament for East Suffolk [Captain George William Manby (1765-1854), RN, FRS, English author and inventor]
Publication details: 
Temple [London]. 19 March 1853.
£56.00

1p., 12mo. With mourning border. In fair condition, on aged paper. The note reads: 'Temple | 19 March 1853 | My dear Captain Manby, | Many thanks for your letter. I did not find your book within it, but shall be very happy to receive and read it, as I am everything of the kind emanating from you | Believe me | very truly yours | Fitzroy Kelly | Captn Manby R.N.'

Part of Autograph Letter Signed ('Olive Mackirdy') from the Anglo-Indian journalist and philanthropist Olive Christian Malvery, discussing her efforts to raise money for the building of shelters in London for homeless women.

Author: 
Olive Mackirdy [née Olive Christian Malvery] (1877-1914), Anglo-Indian journalist and philanthropist, who raised money for two shelters for homeless women in London
Publication details: 
Place and date not stated (but written after her marriage in 1904).
£120.00

2pp., 12mo. The final leaf of the letter only. In good condition, on lightly-aged paper. A poignant letter, given its author's early death. Regarding 'the Shelter' Mackirdy writes that 'Lady Brassey the Duchess of St Albans Lady Radnor & others have been giving big dinner parties etc for me & I only go in order to meet people who will help with the Shelter. I am not very strong and have such heavy work that now I find I simply cannot indulge my own tastes & enjoy my firends if I am going to do definite work.

Autograph Letter Signed ('J. Madden') from James Madden, of London publishers Madden & Malcolm, informing the unnamed recipient that his paper on 'Cycles of Civilization' will be published in firm's periodical 'The Monthly Prize Essays'.

Author: 
James Madden of Madden & Malcolm, 8 Leadenhall Street, London, publishers of the Monthly Prize Essays
Publication details: 
Addressed from Madden's home address of 23 Artillery Place, City Road, London, with the business address of Madden and Malcolm (8 Leadenhall Street) scored through. 4 June 1846.
£56.00

2pp., 12mo. Bifolium. In fair condition, on aged paper with wear to corners. The context of the letter is apparent from the following advertisement in The Times, 29 June 1846: 'On the 30th of June, will be published, in 8vo., price 2s. 6d., the first number of | THE MONTHLY PRIZE ESSAYS. Each number will contain six Essays in Prose and six in Verse. The first prize for prose will be £20; the second, £15; the third, £10; and the other three, £5 each. There will be but three prizes for poetry - £5, £3, and £2. The Essays must be delivered by the 30th of the previous month.

Autograph Letter Signed from the actor and playwright Henry Leslie to the actor John Clark, sending a copy of a play ['The Village Blacksmith'] which Ellen Terry 'wanted to take to Webster', and commending Clark for the lead role.

Author: 
Henry Leslie (1830-1881), English actor and playwright [John Clark, actor; Dame Ellen Terry (1847-1928), actress; Benjamin Webster (1798-1882), actor-manager]
Publication details: 
36 Queens Crescent, Haverstock Hill, NW [London]. 25 March 1867.
£40.00

2pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Good, on lightly-aged paper, with small hole through both leaves. He will be too busy over the following days to visit Clark in person, 'and so I send you the first act of the MSS I talked to you about - I may say I read the 1st. act one afternoon to Miss Terry who wanted to take it to Webster - but I was disinclined'. If Clark 'had anything to do with it - the Blacksmith would be the [last word underlined] part'. He asks Clark to return it as soon as he can: 'as this is the American copy - and they expect it (but of course won't get it) by next mail'.

Autograph Letter Signed ('C D Yonge') from Rev. Charles Duke Yonge to autograph hunter J. T. Baron of Blackburn, discussing his publishers, Chapman & Hall.

Author: 
Charles Duke Yonge (1812-1891), classical scholar and historian, born at Eton College, the eldest son of Revd Charles Yonge (1781-1830), Eton schoolmaster [J. T. Baron of Blackburn; Chapman & Hall]
Publication details: 
Notting Hill, Belfast [Ireland], on letterhead of the Ulster Club. 28 January [1882].
£60.00

2pp., 12mo. Bifolium, with mourning border. In envelope, with stamp and postmark, addressed by Yonge to 'J. J. Bacon [sic] Esq | 18 Griffin St. | Welton | Blackburn | Lancashire'. Good, on lightly-aged paper, in worn envelope. He informs him that his edition of Plutarch's 'Parallel Lives' was published by Chapman & Hall.

Autograph Note Signed from Augustus Mayhew to Edward Draper, Honorary Solicitor of the Savage Club, regarding a contribution to a magazine [The Comic Almanac?].

Author: 
Augustus Mayhew [Augustus Septimus Mayhew] (1826-1875), English journalist [Edward Draper of Vincent Square, London, Honorary Solicitor of the Savage Club]
Publication details: 
Without place or date.
£30.00

1p., 12mo. Fair, on lightly-aged paper. Reads: 'Dr. Draper/ | Do something for No 2. | No 1 was put of for a week | Yours | Aug: Mayhew'. Mayhew edited the Comic Almanac between 1848 and 1850.

Printed price list, in French, for Thomas Frères, négociants à Valence, Départment de la Drome, with 'Vins Rouges' and 'Vin Blancs'.

Author: 
[Thomas Frères, négociants à Valence, Départment de la Drome] [the French wine trade; fine wines]
Publication details: 
[Thomas Frères, négociants à Valence, Départment de la Drome.] Undated [1840s?]
£38.00

Nicely printed within a border on one side of a piece of 19 x 12 cm laid paper. In good condition, lightly-aged. Headed: 'THOMAS FRÈRES, | NGTS. A VALENCE, DÉPT. DE LA DROME. | REPRÉSENTÉS VOYAGEUR.' 22 'VINS ROUGES' (from 'Hermitage' to 'Bordeaux') and 13 'VINS BLANCS' (from 'Hermitage' to 'Muscat de Beziers') are listed, followed by six items from 'Eau-de-vie vieille du Languedoc' to 'Truffes noires'. Prices are only given (in pencil) for three items.

Four engraved caricatures on a single sheet, published by the Regency publisher and printseller Thomas McLean, whose London shop was next to the Haymarket Theatre, and possibly depicting theatrical characters.

Author: 
Thomas McLean (1788-1875), publisher and printseller, 26 Haymarket (next door to the Haymarket Theatre), established 1811
Publication details: 
London: Thomas McLean, 26 Haymarket. 1824
£180.00

The sheet is 38 x 27.5cm; and the dimensions of the plate are34 x 25cm. At foot of plate: 'London, Published by Thos. Mc.Lean, 26 Haymarket, 1824.' The engravings, each 11 x 8cm., are arranged in two rows of two. In good condition, lightly-aged and with a torn pin hole at head, presumably where the print was torn from its string. Moving clockwise from top left, the prints are as follows.

[Presentation copy of a printed pamphlet containing a poem on the death of his young daughter.] Pattie's Christmas Tree. By J. A. Langford, LL.D.

Author: 
J. A. Langford, LL.D. [John Alfred Langford (1823-1903); the Herald Press, Birmingham]
Publication details: 
Printed for private circulation. 1892. [Printed by Wright, Dain, Peyton & Co., at the Herald Press, Birmingham]
£80.00

[2] + 8 + [1] pp., small (18 x 14 cm.) 4to. Sewn with green ribbon into white wraps, with 'Pattie's Christmas Tree' in gilt on front. In good condition, with the wraps slightly sunned in panels. Inscribed at head of title-page 'With kind regards'. The pamphlet contains a single poem titled 'Pattie's Christmas Tree', printed on eight pages each with decorative border in gilt. Printer's slug on revers of title, and colophon on last page. The beginning and end of the poem indicate the theme.

[Printed pamphlet of play.] The Pirate's Nurse. [With manuscript note: 'Performed at Literary Institute Wednesday June 8th 1898.'

Author: 
[Worthing Literary Institute, West Sussex; Kirshaw, printer]
Publication details: 
'KIRSHAW, PRINTER, WORTHING.' [1898.]
£75.00

12pp., 12mo. In original printed wraps bearing the title, dramatis personae, printer's slug, and contemporary pencil note: 'Performed at Literary Institute Wednesday June 8th 1898.' On aged and worn paper, with curling to fore-edge, and a cloth strip sewn on to strengthen spine. A comedy in heroic couplets. Excessively scarce: no copies on COPAC or WorldCat OCLC. Kirshaw was active between the 1870s and 1890s.

Manuscript priced inventory, in French, of furniture, plate, linen and fine wines (with vintage), made on a marriage between the Picard and Faurel families, titled 'Mariés le 24 September 1839. Régistre de notre mobilier.' With genealogical notes.

Author: 
[Nineteenth-century priced inventory, in French, of furniture, plate, linen and fine wines, made on a marriage between the Picard and Faurel families]
Publication details: 
The inventory is dated 24 September 1839. The genealogical notes date from the 1860s.
£250.00

The inventory (14pp.) is at the front of a 4to notebook, with ten pages of genelogical and other notes at the back. In good condition, on aged-paper, in worn original vellum quarter-binding, with blue patterned paper boards, and ties. Label on front board: 'Mobilier Picard A Faurel'. The inventory is dated 1839 on a title-page, but includes entries from the 1840s. It is divided into the following four sections, under calligraphic headings: 'Argenterie' (2pp.), 'Meubles Meublant' (5pp.), 'Linge' (4pp.) and 'Vins Fins' (3pp.).

Autograph Letter Signed ('W. Harrison Ainsworth') from the English historical novelist William Harrison Ainsworth to the writer Stephen Watson Fullom, regarding a meeting at the London publishers Hurst & Blackett, and Fullom's 'future career'.

Author: 
W. Harrison Ainsworth [William Harrison Ainsworth] (1805-1882), English historical novelist [Stephen Watson Fullom (1818-1872), English author; Hurst & Blackett, London publishers]
Publication details: 
Kensal Manor Hourse, Harrow Road; 11 March 1846.
£80.00

3pp., 12mo. Bifolium. Good, on lightly-aged paper. Ainsworth begins: 'My dear Mr. Fullom, I am happy to tell you that you are under a great mistake. Your manner, on the occasion you refer to, produced the most favourable impression upon me.' Fullom 'exhibited great delicacy and modesty', and Ainsworth 'stated as much to Mr. Hurst'. The omission was in fact on Ainsworth's own part, in neglecting to thank Fullom for his 'flattering proposal to dedicate your romance to me'.

Engraving of the poet Walter Savage Landor by H. W. Smith after a drawing by Alfred d'Orsay, with original sample of his handwriting.

Author: 
Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864), poet and author of the 'Imaginary Conversations' [Alfred d'Orsay [Count d'Orsay] (1801-1852), French dandy and artist]
Publication details: 
Neither item with date or place.
£56.00

The engraving, which is not in the collection of the National Portrait Gallery, is on a piece of 19 x 14 cm paper, with tissue guard. The image measures around 8 cm square, and shows Landor's head in profile, looking to the left, with 'A. D'Orsay' beneath to the left, and 'H. W. Smith' beneath to the right. In good condition, lightly-aged, with small stain to one edge of border. Attached to a piece of paper, along with the piece of Landor's autograph, which is on a 1 x 18.5 cm strip of grey paper cut from a letter, and is in fair condition, lightly-creased.

Autograph Letter Signed by the Scottish poet Thomas Campbell, author of 'Gertrude of Wyoming', writing in memorable style on presenting a book to an American visitor about to return home.

Author: 
Thomas Campbell (1777-1844), Scottish Romantic poet, author of 'The Pleasures of Hope' and 'Gertrude of Wyoming'
Publication details: 
61 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. 16 July 1840.
£180.00

2pp., 4to. An excellent letter, stylish and charming, and a lucky survival. In poor condition, apparently as a result of fire damage: with wear and chipping repaired with archival tape.

Autograph Signature ('Edward German') of the English composer Sir Edward German, on part of letter.

Author: 
Sir Edward German [formerly German Edward Jones] (1862-1936), English composer
Publication details: 
Place and date not stated.
£25.00

On 8.5 x 11 cm piece of paper, cut from the bottom of a letter. In good condition, lightly-aged. Entirely in German's hand. The side of the letter with the signature reads: '[...] write you, & I hope we may be able to arrange a meeting. | Yours sincerely | Edward German'. The other side reads: '[...] you at Sidcup with the Georges many years ago. | I should be very pleased to meet you again, but at present I seem to be fully occupied [...]'.

Manuscript Memorandum and Manuscript Receipt, both signed ('Mortimer Collins') by the poet and novelist Edward James Mortimer Collins, assigning copyrights of his works to the London publishers Henry S. King & Co.

Author: 
Mortimer Collins [Edward James Mortimer Collins] (1827-1876), English poet and novelist [Henry S. King & Co., 65 Cornhill, London publishers]
Publication details: 
Both dated from Knowl Hill, Twyford, Berks. 19 March 1872 and 14 December 1872.
£95.00

ONE (memorandum): Headed: 'Memorandum of an Agreement between Messrs: Henry S. King & Co: of 65 Cornhill London of the one part and Mortimer Collins Esqre. of Knowl Hill, Twyford, Berks of the other part.' 19 March 1872. 1p., folio. In fair condition, on lightly-aged and worn paper. Pencil annotations. Five stamps at head (four embossed and one ink).

Autograph Signature of the artist, children's book illustrator and poster designer John Hassall.

Author: 
John Hassall (1868-1948), English painter, children's book illustrator and poster designer
Publication details: 
Without place or date.
£25.00

On one side of a 5.5 x 20 cm strip of laid paper, cut away from the bottom of a letter. In good condition, on lightly-aged paper, with traces of mount adhering to the reverse. Reads, in a firm attractive hand: 'Yours very sincerely | John Hassall.'

Autograph Signature ('Geo Combe') of the Scottish lawyer and phrenologist George Combe.

Author: 
George Combe [Comb] (1788-1858), Scottish lawyer, phrenologist and author
Publication details: 
Without place or date.
£25.00

On one side of a 5 x 8 cm piece of paper, cut from a letter, and backed with card. In good condition, lightly-aged, with the top two corners rounded. Reads: 'I am | Gentlemen | Your very obed Sert | [signed] Geo Combe'.

Engraved circular letter and 'Balance Sheets for 1858 and 1859' of the Playground and General Recreation Society (including reference to a speech by Charles Dickens), forwarded by secretary Edward West to committee-member Sophia Elizabeth De Morgan.

Author: 
Edward West, Secretary, The Playground and General Recreation Society, London [Sophia Elizabeth De Morgan [née Frend] (1809-92), wife of mathematician Augustus De Morgan (1806-71); Charles Dickens]
Publication details: 
West's engraved letter: 97 Newgate Street, London; 31 January 1860. The balance sheets dated to end of the years 1858 and 1859.
£95.00

3pp., 4to. In bifolium. Good, on aged and lightly-creased paper. 'Mrs. de Morgan' in manuscript at the foot of the first page, and 'No 5' at the head. The first page carries the circular letter from 'Edwd. West, Secy.', engraved in copperplate. In sending the balance sheets he notes that 'the income is scarcely equal to the expenditure which is necessary for obtaining for the Society public support'.

Engraved lithographic decorative play bill for a performance of Bulwer-Lytton's 'Lady Lyons', and 'Box and Cox', at the Station Theatre, Poona, India, by 'The Gentlemen Amateurs of H. M. 86th. Royal Regiment'.

Author: 
[The Gentlemen Amateurs of H. M. 86th. Royal Regiment, the Station Theatre, Poona [Pune]; Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873), 1st Baron Lytton [Lord Lytton], author]
Publication details: 
Station Theatre, Poona [Pune], India. 30 June 1851.
£150.00

Printed in black on one side of a piece of thick laid paper, 30.5 x 19.5 cm. Aged, and separated into two parts by a neat tear along a vertical fold line 13 cm from bottom (repaired on reverse), and with slight wear at the head. An attractive and characteristically Victorian design, entirely drawn onto the stone (i.e. none of the text set in type). The design displays a quirky and charming amateur energy, with the text within a decorative border incorporating what appears to be 'IOD POONA' at the foot. Headed by the words 'STATION THEATRE .

Original lithographic engraving by Dupare, from a drawing by Arago, of 'Nouvelle Hollande. Vue d'une partie de la presqu'île Péron, et 1re entrevue avec les sauvages', depicting a meeting of Aborigines and Frenchmen at Shark Bay, Western Australia.

Author: 
[Jacques Etienne Victor Arago (1790-1855), artist; Louis Claude Desaulses de Freycinet (1779-1842), Paris publisher; [Dupare, French engraver; Australian aborigines; Shark Bay, Peron Peninsula]
Publication details: 
[Paris: de Freycinet. Circa 1825.]
£80.00

Dimensions: 18.5 x 25.5 cm. Laid down on a piece of 19.5 x 26.5 cm grey paper. The print has been trimmed, so that there is no margin. In good condition, lightly-aged and ruckled. Against a rocky backdrop, with aborigines viewing from the top of a hill, a group of six aborigines are shown to the right, naked and waving sticks and spears. To the left are the five Frenchmen, with a stack of rifles in front of a tent at far left. In the centre of the image the leading Frenchman places gifts on the end of a long stick held by one of the aborigines.

Holograph Poem by American author George Steele Seymour, titled 'Emerson's House, Concord, Mass.'

Author: 
George Steele Seymour of the Order of Bookfellows, Chicago [Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882), American essayist, lecturer and poet]
Publication details: 
Presented 'to Mrs. Steele in Los Angeles - August 23, 1918.'
£350.00

1p., 8vo. On yellow paper. On lightly-aged paper, with slight wear and creasing along one edge, and thin stub from previous mounting adhering to the reverse. The poem is twenty lines long, arranged in five stanzas, and signed at the foot 'George Steele Seymour'. Beneath this, in Seymour's hand: 'Special greetings to Mrs.

1894 volume of The Portfolio Society, containing twenty-six original essays (twenty-five in manuscript and one in typescript) by contributors including Sylvanus P. Thompson, Annie Collings, Juliet Reckett, F. O. W. Smith and Samuel Davies.

Author: 
The Portfolio Society, founded 1874 [Silvanus P. Thompson (1851-1915); Annie Collings; Juliet Reckett; F. O. W. Smith; Samuel Davies; Mr Stanfield; Barbara Bodichon (1827-1891)]
Publication details: 
The twenty-six essays dating from 1894; with four pages of 'Rules' from November 1931 bound in.
£750.00

344pp., 4to. 26 essays (one of them in two parts), comprising 332pp. in manuscript and 7pp. in typescript, with three full-page illustrations, and five printed pages at the start. In good condition, on lightly-aged paper, in worn and rebacked blue buckram binding, with an elaborate design in the style of Walter Crane in gilt on front board, depicting a Grecian maid plucking apples, incorporating the words 'The Portfolio Socy.', a Latin motto and the date 1894. This design is duplicated in print on the recto of the first leaf of the volume, with the date '189' completed with a '4' in pencil.

Holograph poem (signed 'Julia S. H. Pardoe') by Julia Pardoe, apparently unpublished, beginning 'Fairyland! Fairyland! | That must be a pleasant spot'.

Author: 
Julia Pardoe [Julia S. H. Pardoe] (c.1804-1862), English poet, novelist, historian and traveller, author of 'The City of the Sultan' (1836) and 'The Beauties of the Bosphorus' (1839)
Publication details: 
Without place or date.
£80.00

1p., landscape 16mo (8.5 x 13 cm). Good, on aged paper, with blank second leaf of bifolium bearing evidence of previous mounting. The poem is neatly written out, in a sensitive hand, and is eight lines long: 'Fairyland! Fairyland! | That must be a pleasant spot: | Silver rippled over the strand, | Murmurs in each cave & grot, | Jewelled fruits upon the trees, | Music floating on the air, | Perfumes breathing on the breeze -, | How I wish that I was there! | [signed] Julia S. H. Pardoe'.

Unpublished early nineteenth-century manuscript poem, titled 'The Cockney Quack Doctor', satirising the London working clases and medical profession around the time of Dickens's 'Pickwick Papers'.

Author: 
[Anonymous nineteenth-century manuscript poem, satirising the London working classes and the medical profession; Charles Dickens; Pickwick Papers]
Publication details: 
Without place or date. [London, 1830s?]
£250.00

1p., 8vo. Aged and worn, having previously been folded into a tight packet, and laid down on a paper backing. Headed with the title, and neatly written in two columns. The poem consists of 60 lines arranged in six stanzas. The first and last stanzas indicate the tone.

Autograph Note in the third person from the English poet Walter Savage Landor to Lord Londesborough, declining an invitation because of the 'crowded state of London'.

Author: 
Walter Savage Landor (1775-1864), English poet and author of the 'Imaginary Conversations' [Albert Denison Denison (1805-1860), 1st Baron Londesborough [Lord Londesborough]]
Publication details: 
Without place or date. [London, 1840s?]
£56.00

1p., 12mo. On bifolium. Good, on aged paper. The note reads: 'Mr Landor has to acknowledge the honor of Lord Londesborough's invitation for May 21. The crowded state of London will not permit him to make his usual visit there in Spring, and among his regrets is his inability to pay his respects to Lord Londesborough.'

Albumen carte-de-visite by the London studio of the French photographer Disdéri, showing Lord Alfred Henry Paget, Member of Parliament for Lichfield, Staffordshire, smoking a pipe.

Author: 
Disdéri (1819-1889), French photographer [Lord Alfred Henry Paget (1816-1888) of Beaudesert, Staffordshire, MP for Lichfield, Staffs, 1837-65, and Equerry to the Queen, 1837-41]
Publication details: 
4 Brook Street, Hanover Square, London. Undated [1860s?].
£120.00

The image is 9 x 5.5 cm, mounted on brown card, 10.5 x 6.5 cm, printed on both sides in red, with large facsimile of Disdéri's signature on reverse. In fair condition, somewhat aged. Page is shown seated at a table with a sculpture of a stag on it, with legs cross and the sole of his left show showing, smoking a pipe. In addition to being an MP, Paget held several positions in the Royal Household, acting as Equerry to Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1841. The present image is not among the four representations of Paget in the National Portrait Gallery collection.

[Printed pamphlet.] [Drophead title] The Claims of Capital considered. By William Browne.

Author: 
William Browne [of Montreal, Canada] [John Lovell (1810-1893), Canadian printer and publisher; John Stuart Mill]
Publication details: 
'Published by JOHN LOVELL, Montreal, and Rouse's Point, N.Y.' [1870?]
£180.00

16mo, 36pp. Printed in small type. Disbound. In good condition, on lightly-aged paper. A separate title-page may have been printed on a front wrap, now lacking. The pamphlet begins in stirring style: 'The conflict between labor and capital becomes more and more the struggle of the age. On both sides there are titanic powers engaged in what appears to be headlong and indiscriminating war. There may be now and again a lull in the contest - there may be some kind of truce proclaimed - some good sort of people may approach the combatants andn induce them for a season to lay down their arms.

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